Hip Hop Club v2

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"Hip-hop" is a popular subculture that appeared in the United States in the late 1970s among African Americans. It is characterized by its own music (also called hip-hop music or rap music), its own jargon, its own fashion, dance styles (eg breakdancing), graphic art (graffiti) and its own cinema. By the early 1990s, hip hop had become a part of youth culture in many parts of the world.

Hip-hop music consists of two main elements: rap (rhythmic recitative with clearly marked rhymes) and a rhythm set by a DJ. At the same time, compositions without vocals are not uncommon. In this combination, rap artists call themselves "MC" (Microphone Controller or Master of Ceremony). Priority and most appreciated is the art of rhyme, which MCs, in pursuit of innovation, often compose to the detriment of the meaning of the text, which, in turn, turns it into intricate riddles. The task of one or more DJs includes programming rhythm on a drum machine, sampling (using fragments of other people's compositions, especially bass and synthesizer parts), manipulating vinyl records, and sometimes beatboxing (vocal imitation of a drum machine rhythm). On stage, musicians are often accompanied by a dance ensemble.

Origins and development of hip hop music:
1970s The official date for the emergence of rap as a culture and musical style is 1976. There are different versions, such as that rap was brought from Jamaica. But there are also facts. Rap is an offshoot of reggae called raggamuffin. It is also believed that rap was brought from Jamaica itself by three people - DJ Kool Herc (DJ Kool Herc), Afrika Bambattaa (Africa Bambata) and Grandmaster Flesh (Grandmaster Flash). The second version is that rap originated in the Negro environment of the Bronx, a district of New York, in the second half of the 1970s. At the time, it was party music created by disc jockeys (called "DJs" for short) who worked in a then extremely primitive sampling technique: it often consisted of repeating the musical performance of someone else's dance composition. The first MCs were literally typical entertainers (Master of Ceremony - i.e. MC for short; this abbreviation then absorbed many other meanings), they introduced DJs, and also maintained the audience's attention with energetic exclamations and whole tirades. (It should be noted that in Jamaica, a similar manner of performance was developed back at the turn of the 1960s and 70s thanks to the emerging dub technique.)

The popularity of the music at these parties led local DJs to sell their hands on cassettes of recorded "live" "sets" (performance programs), which skillfully mixed rhythms and bass lines taken from disco and funk compositions, over which MCs rapped. It was a purely amateur occupation, and during that period (1977-78) there were no studios and official releases of rap records.

The situation changes dramatically when the single "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang is released in the US in the early autumn of 1979 and makes a sensation in the American popular music market. The single is considered rap's first recording, despite the fact that several more slightly older songs dispute the glory of superiority; however, it was thanks to this 11-minute composition that the American public and the media became aware of such a phenomenon as hip-hop, however, despite the popularity of the song, the majority agreed that it was a musical joke from which nothing would come of it. The song was written by a black band, assembled almost by accident the day before recording, with the single selling 8 million copies. it was a huge success even for a regular pop single, let alone rap. The rhythm (classical disco) and bass line were taken from Chic's then-hit "Good Times", overdubbed with a rap performed by three MCs. One of the advantages of the composition is that already in this first rap in 1979, typical rhymes were given, as well as the fundamental themes of hip-hop: the details of everyday life, MC competitions, fussiness and ostentatious vanity.
1980s In the early 1980s a strong interest arose among rappers in European electronic pop music, primarily in Kraftwerk and Gary Newman, widely sampled, whose technological discoveries, coupled with the developed "breakbeat" - a broken, completely new rhythm - contributed to the breakaway of hip- hop from rhythmic addiction to disco and funk. The breakbeat rhythm, combined with the more advanced Jamaican dub technique by that time, brought hip-hop to a new level. The innovators of early hip-hop were Curtis Blow, Africa Bambata, Grandmaster Flash and Whodini, their 1980-84 recordings. (now referred to as the "old school of hip-hop") were decisive for the formation of the genre. Music magazine Rolling Stone named Grandmaster Flash's "The Message" (1982) the most influential song in hip-hop history.

The baton of innovation was picked up by the bands Run DMC, Mantronix, Beastie Boys, each of which brought their discoveries to hip-hop: Run DMC played a minimal drum machine breakbeat, Mantronix received recognition for their revolutionary mixing technique, and the Beastie Boys combined elements of punk rock and rap and with the assistance of Rick Rubin became the first white rap collective to achieve commercial success. Punk bands also recorded rap compositions, for example, The Clash (their single "The Magnificent Seven" in 1980 was heavily promoted on black radio stations in New York), Blondie (their single "The Rapture" topped the American charts in 1982).

By the mid-1980s, hip-hop music was no longer focused solely on the party atmosphere, and the next generation of rappers began to develop more serious topics, for example, the socially aggressive raps of Public Enemy brought them cult status among listeners not only in the black environment. The musical side of hip-hop also became more complex: the modern stage in its development begins with the release in 1987 of the album "Paid in Full" by the duet Eric B. & Rakim. By the end of the 1980s. rap music reached levels of popularity comparable to rock, country, and pop music, and major music industry institutions such as the Grammy-hosted Academy of Music and the American Music Awards established categories for rap in 1988. The personification of this popularity in America was MC Hammer, Kris Kross and others,
1990s At the turn of the 1990s, at the suggestion of the NWA, infamous for their defiantly obscene and aggressive lyrics, "gangsta rap" gaining popularity, reflecting the criminal life of the Negro ghettos. The most influential figure in hip-hop of the decade is a former member of the NWA named Dr. Dre; he introduces a new style of g-funk, the most prominent representative of which was his protégé Snoop Dogg. A few years later, the members of the trio The Fugees, with their album "The Score", clearly demonstrated the possibilities for integrating hip-hop with other musical directions - rhythm and blues, reggae and even jazz. They were one of the first hip-hop projects to gain wide popularity outside the United States.

In the mid-1990s, a rivalry broke out between gangsta rappers from the West and East coasts of the United States, which ended in the death of their leaders - Tupac Shakur and Notorious BIG. The tragic outcome of this confrontation generated such widespread discussion in the media that for almost the entire 1997 occupied the top lines of the US charts. This period is characterized by intense commercialization of hip-hop, which is usually associated with the name of Puff Daddy, a rapper who promoted a glamorous lifestyle and built his compositions on a very extensive citation of pop hits from previous decades. At the end of the 20th century, the white rapper Eminem gained fame, who tried to revive the charge of provocation and social protest.

Since the late 1980s, hip-hop has been fueling the stylistically and technologically modified rhythm and blues ("new jack swing", "hip-hop soul") thanks to it. In 2004, for the first time in history, the Grammy Award in the most prestigious "over-genre" nomination - "for the best album" - was awarded to rap artists - the duo OutKast. In modern hip-hop, as in other major styles of popular music, producers play a large role, on which the entire industry depends.
2000s In the early 2000s, alternative hip-hop took a firm place in the mainstream, mainly due to the decline in the popularity of gangsta rap and the successful debut of artists such as OutKast, Kanye West, and Gnarls Barkley. OutKast's 'Speakerboxxx/The Love Below' album was critically acclaimed and awarded numerous awards, largely due to the fact that the musicians were able to create music that is interesting for all ages and combines many styles: rap, rock, R&B, punk, jazz, indie, country, pop, etc.

Significant for this period was also the sales race between 50 Cent and Kanye West. Kanye, as a representative of the west coast, emerged victorious in this race, thus proving that his music can be as competitive and profitable as gangsta music. Kanye West's style was originally billed as melancholy pop, but his fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak, had a significant impact on hip-hop in the 2000s. Kanye defended his right to write lyrics about human feelings and relationships, and not about criminal showdowns in black ghettos.

In the mid-2000s, the most influential hip-hop producers were Scott Storch, The Neptunes, Timbaland. Hip-hop artists, despite its originally African-American focus, can be found in almost any country in the world.
In 2004, the hip-hop group OutKast won the Best Album award for the first time in Grammy history.

The alternative hip-hop movement was not limited to the US. In the second half of the 2000s, the Somali-Canadian artist K'naan, the Japanese rapper Shing02 and the British singer MIA from Sri Lanka received world recognition in the second half of the 2000s. In 2009, Time Magazine named MIA one of the 100 most influential people for "global influence across many musical genres".

Today, largely due to the active distribution of music through the Internet, it has become easier for many alternative rappers to find their audience. Young artists Kid Cudi and Drake managed to hit record highs with the singles Day 'N' Night and Best I Ever Had, while they were placed on free online mixtapes rather than released with the support of major labels.

In the late 2000s, new names appear - Wale, The Cool Kids, Jay Electronica, BoB, who openly recognize the connection of their work with the traditions of their predecessors from the 1990s. Their music is critically acclaimed as expressive and eclectic, filled with emotion rarely found in traditional hip hop.

Aesthetics of the subculture:
... The hip-hop subculture includes three areas:
1. The musical style "hip-hop" (rap) is a recitative to the musical rhythm set by a DJ, with clearly marked rhymes.
2. The dance style "break dance" is a dance that is unique in terms of plasticity and rhythm, which laid the fashion for a sporty clothing style for hip-hop.
3. Art "graffiti" - wall paintings and paintings.

Hip-hop was the first music that most fully and distinctively embodied the ideology of modern African American culture. This ideology was built on the antagonism of American Anglo-Saxon culture. Over the past decades, its own fashion has also formed, radically different from the traditional fashion of the white population, its own jargon and its own cultivated manner of pronunciation, dance styles, its own graphic art - "graffiti" (images and graffiti on the walls made with aerosol cans or special markers with paint ) and more recently also movies (not necessarily about rappers, but taking themes from the Negro environment, see the films "Barbershop", "Hustle And Flow", "Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in Your Neighborhood"; rappers are also all more begin to become film actors).
Despite the hip-hop fashion changing every year, in general, it has a number of characteristic features. Clothing is usually loose, sporty style: sneakers and baseball caps (usually with straight peaks) of well-known brands (e.g. Reebok, Roca Wear, FUBU, Wu-Wear, Sean John), T-shirts and basketball jerseys, jackets and sweatshirts with hoods , ski hats pulled over the eyebrows, baggy pants (the so-called "pipes"), wide shorts lowered down. Hairstyles are short, although short African braids are also popular. Massive jewelry (chains, medallions, etc.) is popular among rappers themselves. [hip-hop.ru, fytv.ru, lookatme.ru, wikipedia.org]


Hip-hop musical styles:
Historical periodsRoots of hip hop
Old school hip hop
Golden age hip hop
New school hip hop
Main derived styles Abstract hip hop
Alternative hip hop
Avant-garde hip hop
Chopped and screwed
Chopper (rap)
Christian hip hop
Conscious hip hop
Country-rap
Crunk
Crunkcore
Freestyle music
Freestyle rap
G-Funk
Gangsta rap
Ghetto house
Ghettotech
Grime
Hardcore hip hop
Hip hop soul
Hip house
Hip pop
Horrorcore
Hyphy
Industrial hip hop
Instrumental hip hop
Jazz rap
Lyrical hip hop
Mafioso rap
Nerdcore hip hop
New jack swing
Political hip hop
Pop-rap
Reggaeton
Rap opera
Rap rock
-Rapcore
-Rap metal
Snap music
Turntablism
Underground hip hop
American sceneEastern
East Coast hip hop
-Baltimore club
-Brick City club
-Hardcore hip hop
-New Jersey hip hop
Midwest
Midwest hip hop
-Chicago hip hop
- -Ghetto house
-Detroit hip hop
-Ghettotech -St
. Louis hip hop
-Twin Cities hip hop
-Horrorcore
-Chopper (rap)
Southern
Southern hip hop
Dirty South
-Atlanta hip hop
--Snap music
-Bounce music
-Crunk
-Houston hip hop
-Chopped and screwed
-Miami bass
Western
West Coast hip hop
-Chicano rap
-Gangsta rap
-G-funk
-Mobb music & Hyphy
-Jerkin'
-Native American hip hop
-Northwest hip hop
World stageAfrica
African hip hop
Algerian hip hop
Egyptian hip hop
Gambian hip hop
Ivorian hip hop
Kenyan hip hop
Moroccan hip hop
Nigerian hip hop
Senegalese hip hop
South African hip hop
Tanzanian hip hop
Togolese hip hop
Zimbabwean hip hop
Americas
American hip hop
Brazilian hip hop
Canadian hip hop
Cuban hip hop
Dominican hip hop
Haitian hip hop
Mexican hip hop
Salvadoran hip hop
Asia
Asian hip hop
Bangla hip hop
Burmese hip hop
Chinese hip hop
Filipino hip hop
Hong Kong hip hop
Indian hip hop
Indonesian hip hop
Japanese hip hop
Korean hip hop
Malaysian hip hop
Nepalese hip hop
Pakistani hip hop
Thai hip hop
Europe
European hip hop
Albanian hip hop
Austrian hip hop
Belgian hip hop
Bosnian hip hop
British hip hop
Bulgarian hip hop
Czech hip hop
Danish hip hop
Dutch hip hop
Finnish hip hop
French hip hop
German hip hop
Greek hip hop
Hungarian hip hop
Icelandic hip hop
Irish hip hop
Italian hip hop
Macedonian hip hop
Norwegian hip hop
Polish hip hop
Portuguese hip hop
Romanian hip hop
Russian hip hop
Serbian hip hop
Slovenian hip hop
Spanish hip hop
Swedish hip hop
Swiss hip hop
Turkish hip hop
Ukrainian hip hop
Middle East
Middle Eastern hip hop
Arabic hip hop
Egyptian hip hop
Iranian hip hop
Israeli hip hop
Lebanese hip hop
Palestinian hip hop
Oceania
Oceanian hip hop
Australian hip hop
New Zealand hip hop
Other Hip Hop Influenced StylesBongo Flava
Cumbia rap
Grime
Hiplife
Kwaito
Low Bap
Merenrap
Motswako
Reggae Espanol/Spanish Reggae
Reggaeton
Songo- salsa
Trip hop
Urban Pasifika
More details on some of the musical and near-musical styles of hip-hop.

Musical examples:





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And some pictures in the subject, for the atmosphere.