Hello my most resistant readers and fans of yoga for the brain.
One of the most controversial parameters of the oil – ash content, i.e. how much oil and mineral salts. To make it clear – the ash content of the oil is like water hardness. What remains in the kettle after boiling the water from the tap? Right, plaque. The Deposit of carbonates. And oil – vaporizing at 600 deg. remain a handful of ash. The content of this ash percentage by mass, is ash.
There are pornogalerie oil with a reduced ash content–, medium - and low-ash.
Pornogalerie oil (High SAPS) have an ash content of >1-1,1% by weight
Low-ash oils (Low SAPS) have an ash content of 0.5% or less
Between them – renesaince (Mid SAPS) of 0.6-0.9 percent.
What kind of oil in front of us, you can understand the tolerance:
ACEA A3 is paleosalinity.
ACEA C3 and C2 is srednjesolcev.
ACEA C1 and C4 is malopolski.
C1, C2, C3, C4 often generalize to the category of "malopolski".
Which is better – this look.
I have already raised this issue, but as you explore the question there is a new important nuances.
First, it is not quite clear, by analogy with egg and chicken: low ash content appeared as a tribute to the ecology to the detriment of other properties or is a natural stage of development and enhancement oil formulas?
Second, Tyrnete on this subject a lot of verbiage to read which is interesting at first, but... end up completely useless, because there are 2 of the myth:
The First Myth.
The ash content reflects the content of additives, primarily detergents and anti-wear. The more – the better.
A Second Myth.
In engines with aluminum blocks need to pour only low-ash oil because the surface of the cylinder to increase durability (aluminum is soft!) has a particular coating that does not like sulphur and destroyed.
Will figure all of this out. Start with myth number 2.
Warn that knowledge of motors I have far less than chemistry, so please do not hesitate to correct if I have written incorrectly.
So
Part 1. About Lumina.
To the inner surface of the cylinder was solid, it can be coated with Nickel, silicon, titanium, or pour cylinder liners made of cast iron – invented many variants:
1. Alusil and the like.
Just have to guess from the title of "Alusil", which is a compound of aluminium Al and silicon Si, a technology invented by the Germans from the company Kolbenschmidt. A similar coating of another German company Mahle is called Silumal.
That's how it looks:
... here, you can see crystals of silicon (pictured convex) lie in the crystal lattice of aluminum. How does that work? Very simple: in Lucile the proportion of silicon of 17%, and according to the laws of physics-chemistry during cooling of the melt with silicon content more than 13% of the latter can not come into connection with aluminum and is deposited in the form of crystals in the "voids" of the crystal lattice of the alloy.
Then after machining the surface of the cylinder further treated by chemical etching: acid, interacting primarily with aluminum, "flushes" its layer thickness of several microns, leaving only the surface of the silicon crystals. It protects the surface from wear and tear.
2. Lokasil (firm Kolbenschmidt)
The technology is such that particles of silicon are invested in a mold, and "vypressovyvaetsya" in the engine block.
Dark band in the cylinder wall is "embedded" under the pressure of the silicon.
3. Nikasil and the like.
On the surface of the cylinder is applied by electroplating a layer of Nickel silicon carbide (Ni-SiC). The technology is called Galnikal® (firm Kolbenschmidt) and Nikasil® (firm Mahle).
Advantages – Nickel layer is very smooth. Here there lived as graphite in cast iron and exposed silicon crystals as in Lucile, and this means that the optimal amount of oil remaining on the working surface of the cylinder. Look again the surface structure of Alusil – and it is clear why alusilver motors are allowed zhor oil to 1l/1000km!
There are drawbacks Nikasil: the cost of electroplating bath and recycling, Nickel waste, but most importantly – and discussions on this topic are easy to find on forums on the Internet – with short trips the oil does not have time to warm up, on the surface of the cylinder condensate appears, and if you have used gasoline below Euro-4 produced during combustion of the fuel sulfur reacts with the condensate, and the obtained sulfuric acid. Acid leads to corrosion and even the separation of the Nickel layer. Therefore, nikasil mainly used in single-cylinder motorcycle engines, and in rare cases in multi-cylinder.
corrosion nikasil
As is known, sulfur is contained not only in gasoline but also in motor oil and the oil partially can get into the combustion chamber, especially on engines with direct injection and with high mileage due to the increase in gaps.
It is no secret that the engine of my Fabia 1.2 CGPA aluminum block, but I don't know what the coating. (Who knows – write!) So... let's start the chemistry lesson! Subject: sulfur and its interaction with aluminium, silicon, Nickel. =)
Alusil, Lokasil and similar: in this case, the surface of the cylinder contains Al and Si. Or rather their oxides.
Al is quite resistant to corrosion. Its resistance increases in the alloys with a small magnesium content (in Lucile just about 1% Mg). BUT:
= corrosion of aluminum is not observed only in those environments where on the metal surface forms a protective oxide film
= aluminium oxide on the metal surface is formed only in pH range from 3 to 9!
Compare pH oils (measured from Autoreview):
Polnotely with high alkaline number have a pH of about 7-8, and low-ash with a lower alkali is about 9. Thus, the conditions for the formation of the oxide film will be on any oil, especially over time, the acidity of the oil inevitably increases (pH falls, respectively).
As for the sulphur and sulphuric acid:
BUT: reaction with dilute sulphuric acid is at concentrations greater than 10% (the maximum solubility was observed in 80 % sulfuric acid). And on the surface of the cylinder what could be the concentration?
And what do the sulfur content in the oil?
Immediately note: sulfate ash is not the content of sulfates and sulfides! It is so called because according to GOST 12417 oil burned to ash and then leached in sulphuric acid, ignited and weighed The ash content is a measure of the content of the additive metal (miscellaneous salts of sodium, barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, etc.). The sulphur content, it has no direct relationship, because salt is not only sulfate!
In fact, sulphur in oil is sulphur, which is contained in the base oil, + sulfates, sulfides, sulfonates in the additives. For example, if the oil is made with a large proportion of group I (shallow oil refining), other things being equal it will be more sulfur than the hydrocracked VHVI deep cleaning or oil for GTL. Base of PJSC do not contain sulfur.
Now compare the content of sulphur in polnosbornyh and malosolenoj, and even on different bases. And this will help us to analyses oil-club.ru.
Thus, exemplary paleosalinity 0W-40:
Addinol Superior 040 0W-40 sulfated ash of 1.14%, sulfur 0,215%. Base with PAO.
Мобил1 0W-40 ash sulphate of 1.37%, sulfur 0,243%. Base mostly hydrocrack.
In this example, the base PAO (not contain sulfur!) gives an advantage compared to a Mallard mobilem only... to 0.028% sulfur by weight! Solve the puzzle how much is that in grams:
Oil density 850 g/l
The amount of oil in my car 3 liters
The ADDINOL less sulphur in 0,00028*850*3 = 0,714, And this volume of oil, and locally in the cylinders, the difference becomes minuscule.
Compare: petrol Euro-3 provides up to 150 mg/kg of sulfur, gasoline Euro-4 to 50 mg/kg sulfur Euro 5 – not more than 10 mg/kg. If, for example, for 10 thousand km to burn 1000 kg benzyl, the difference between Euro-3 and Euro-5 in sulphur content will be up to 140 g
Conclusion: the quality of gasoline is much more important than the content of sulfur in the oil.
But the Motul X-max 0W-40 0,812 sulphate ash%, sulfur 0,279%. Base hydrocrack with PAO.
Compare with the same Mobila in module on PAO but with lower ash content – sulphur more!
Go over 5W-40:
Typical and cheap Panasonic –
LUKOIL Lux Synthetic 5W-40 SN ash sulphate of 1.18%, sulfur 0,259%. Base hydrocrack.
Two polnotelyy with obviously different quality of the base –
Liqui Moly Leichtlauf High Tech 5W-40 sulfated ash from 1.25% sulfur 0,270%. Base hydrocrack.
Gulf Formula GX 5W-40 is 1.25 sulphate ash%, sulfur 0,414%. Base hydrocrack.
Panasonic, not like the others
VST Ravenol 5W-40 sulfated ash 1,03% sulphur 0,296%. Base with PAO.
As you can see, the pattern... no no.
Now look at the 5W-30:
Great creditlink with unique low –sulphur
Fuchs Titan GT1 Pro C3 5W-30 sulphated ash of 0.62%, sulfur 0,185%. Base PAO+Esters.
Good Panasonic (by the way, panetolikos few left in this category, viscosity) –
НХ8 Shell Helix Synthetic 5W-30 sulphated ash of 1.18%, sulfur 0,376%. Base hydrocrack (+GTL?).
Now you would think that the more PAO and less ash content, the less sulfur the better the oil at all... But on the previous examples you already know that this is not always the case.
And now attention a question: whether really even with Gulf oil, with its obscenely high sulfur content already 0,414% to obtain the concentration of sulfuric acid >10%, even locally, and given the small thickness of the oil film in the area of the piston rings? IMHO – hardly. Another thing – if you use high sulfur diesel, but that's another topic.
Going back from mathematics to chemistry.
Alusil it, except for Al, and even Si. Silicon is an inert substance. Sulfuric acid reacts badly because of the oxide film, only with a concentrated and only at temperatures of 400 — 600 0C.
Thus, Alusil and the like according to the laws of chemistry should not suffer from sulfur oils.
Nikasil and his family.
With Nickel the situation is similar to aluminium
from Wikipedia
Based on the foregoing, the engine theoretically can really receive the conditions for the formation of sulfuric acid (most likely diluted) — but, given its high activity as an acid — corrosion Nikasil, especially because, unlike Alusil, there is no protective layer of silicon. Therefore, the holders of the engines Nikosilver coating can be recommended to watch the tests and choose Miloserdie oil. But again, not always low-ash Miloserdie.
As I read in tyrnete nicelove coverage for example had the engines 5-, 7-, 8-series BMW M60 to 95 years and M52 to 98 years.
I have touched on only a part of what you know on this subject and have not delved into technologies such as plasma spraying compositions based on iron, laser doping of the same silicon, coating on the cylinder walls of titanium nitride...
But IMHO-conclusions can be drawn without it.
If you have an engine with an aluminum block and you don't know what is the coating of cylinders and what is it made of pistons and piston rings, it is vital to refuel a gasoline Euro-4 and above and choose Miloserdie oil. With the latter more difficult, because the test results are not always reliable, and in official documents oil sulfur content is not indicated. But compliance with the specified tolerances. The requirements of tolerances for sulfur content are:
API SM and SN – max 0,5% by weight
ILSAC GF-4 and GF-5 – max 0,5%
ACEA C3 – max 0,3%
Dexos1 – max 0,45%
Dexos2 – max 0,35%
MB 229.3 and 229.5 – max 0,5%
MB 229.31, 229.51 and 229.52 – max 0,3%
Ie if you choose sredneetazhnye oil ACEA C3, Dexos2, MB 229.31, 229.51 and 229.52, you can't go wrong and sulfur in them will be smaller. However how important are these fractions of a percent... only you can solve, see a puzzle and squiggle above.
VW in General is not standardized sulfur, despite the fact that aluminum blocks are widely used. And it even mentions in the manual about the need to use low ash oils, I like the manual says ACEA A3, and this paleosalinity! I sobssno now is pour.
T/O, the Second Myth about the fact that aluminum engines and paleosalinity incompatible, consider it debunked.
To debunk the First Myth, you need to gather your thoughts. I warn you, next Chapter will be a blast. Don't say goodbye.
The article was written in 2015, Especially for DRIVE2.RU.
In the past © Lefravi
In the present © GorkyHaBkyc
so that's why ACEA A3 wrote) is now clear.
ie in principle doesn't have to be S3 can and A3 502 00 feel free to buy?
and I have in the manual is written in only the tolerances of VW, what should be the oil ACEA is not said( Just a little note that if you need a oil clearance 502 00 is not available, once you can add oil standard ACEA A2 or ACEA A3. Just think... what if ACEA needs to be vw 502 00? C3? a mystery...
friend, I do not understand you work in oil? or just magazines you read? only "garlic" come on, at the expense of what 504 with a low ash content of up to 0.8 (tobish to reduce the ash content in only reducing the number of packages) should ensure purity of the same valves, the mobility of the rings? and why are you blaming it on base, in different companies, in different wise, , , it can be one and the same base, but with different packages 504 or 502, for example, series of long life may indeed long to move, but when moving 46км/h and fuel Euro 6, that the same thing can be done and 502 tolerance, , , he just quietly give the same 650 hours, forbidden to feel, , , why? Yes, because it does not fit in the environment, and what's up with all these zamanuhi with tricky advertising?Yes, because every major oil company has a contract and the contract about the environmental regulations every year is tougher, and even the service manual -any new petrol engine VAG STILL gives alternative or 502 or 504,, , with diesel engines already closed shop and only 507,, about the world agree, , , write, I'm interested to read you;-)
Your Sanai — You're going to get, no one owes anyone anything, no offense ))
I recommend to study, for example, Cummins TSB about ash and what it affects.
On your toes — clean vol. valves, agility rings, etc.
And the more loaded (pressure in the cylinders, etc.) the motor that is the most important.
The environment in this case — the case of the thirties )
About 504/507,
fingers, oil 504.00 507.00 created on my (one) additive package,
which is around 20% (DI) (in contrast to "normal" polnosbornyh oils
in which the contents of the package ranges from 9% up to 13%) plus one of the base oils — always PJSC
(and not any — they PJSC different) — again — for dolgorukoi and used "heavy-duty",
as for commercial oils, a viscosity modifier (VI) (to — stand).
The test duration RNT test (wear on 504.507 is a record 650 hours !)
— here and think, how much this oil will be able to live in a VW (which, in the head-year of the motor 504/507
in servicemanual — uncontested)...
All — world ))
0xB0BA
This is not so. The additive package 504/507 in %% against in the finished oil much
exceeding the 502/505 oil. Almost two times.
Ie filler package does not cut, but rather increased.
all realized, judging by the pause-the next worker in oils, you need to sell it to g...o to the ecology(let's save the nature together;-), , , I only, , , now the engine is still rarely rarely up to 100T.km walk, so they have to drum that casting, , , just a shame for the power! the initiative has still to go from the powers that be, , , and then oil the Euro 6 come on, and fuel Euro-3 will come down, and so in all;-)
0xB0BA
This is not so. The additive package 504/507 in %% against in the finished oil much
exceeding the 502/505 oil. Almost two times.
Ie filler package does not cut, but rather increased.
above all in the article intelligently and beautifully written, study
0xB0BA
I'm on the filler package in the oil.
In 504/507 it is almost 25% (i.e. one liter of oil to 25% additives),
in 502/505 package filler package in the region of 12% (approximately).
That's right — 502 package more poor in comparison with 504.
More I can not say exactly, because infa
closed (commercial).
While ZDDP, of course — less in 504.
the other, well, at least in the PM, and then begin to doubt the seriousness of these allegations
0xB0BA
I'm on the filler package in the oil.
In 504/507 it is almost 25% (i.e. one liter of oil to 25% additives),
in 502/505 package filler package in the region of 12% (approximately).
That's right — 502 package more poor in comparison with 504.
More I can not say exactly, because infa
closed (commercial).
While ZDDP, of course — less in 504.
now on any resource all of these oils are laid out in detail, warmed-up, tested, disassembled molecules up to bases, where they are 25%, WHERE, friend, tell me;-)
I'm on the filler package in the oil.
In 504/507 it is almost 25% (i.e. one liter of oil to 25% additives),
in 502/505 package filler package in the region of 12% (approximately).
That's right — 502 package more poor in comparison with 504.
More I can not say exactly, because infa
closed (commercial).
While ZDDP, of course — less in 504.
are you talking about any additives? apparently you wanted to say that 502м the percentage of additives in 2 times more than 504? Creditline 504/507 oil! know what I mean? 504 surpasses 502 only in environmental terms, the characteristics of one line does not write, due to the fact that these oils cut packages of anti-wear zinc/phosphorus 30%, and detergents calcium by 50%, was designed to help organic molybdenum, and in some cases the Bor, what would and your and our, and the idea was that would keep modern catalysts and particulate lotions, to reduce CO2 output, , , but in addition to the type of new additives had to "grow up" and the base oil(in terms of PAO and esters), but it already on conscience of manufacturers, so as 504/507, and LL-04 and 229,51, etc.-can be customized the cheapest Mallard database, because the stands are always nice, but how long will this batch? look for a good honest firm;-)
mox111
well done! class! and there remains the important question, , , why oil C4,C3,C2,C1 and the other, the type of 504/507,having a low ash additive package(trimmed roughly 30-50%) call-Longlife! due to what they have longer to work in the engine? due to the base ? became more PAO? or hope the manufacturer of oil-stupidly on improved fuel?
This is not so. The additive package 504/507 in %% against in the finished oil much
exceeding the 502/505 oil. Almost two times.
Ie filler package does not cut, but rather increased.
well done! class! and there remains the important question, , , why oil C4,C3,C2,C1 and the other, the type of 504/507,having a low ash additive package(trimmed roughly 30-50%) call-Longlife! due to what they have longer to work in the engine? due to the base ? became more PAO? or hope the manufacturer of oil-stupidly on improved fuel?
Not rule out such an option. Here all remove, will print the book and will sell )))
a lot of letters.
a lot of information.
work invested you even more.
thanks, it was interesting!
when you write a book on motor oil?)
Aleksey181
Honestly — don't read)))
Once on my 50t.miles collapsed bearings in the box, I realized that from low quality metals and components will not save any super-duper good and right oil.)))
The machine is on the move already?
Honestly — don't read)))
Once on my 50t.miles collapsed bearings in the box, I realized that from low quality metals and components will not save any super-duper good and right oil.)))
everything modern should be first and foremost environmentally friendly. goal to increase runs to overhaul the engineers and tribologists no...
All very interesting! Thank you!
BUT! With the advent of low-ash oils trend to greater mileages before overhaul no. Before everything went to polnosbornyh oils and very long and went...Now it's all very modern...fuel, oil...but the result is as I want to be the best.
www.drive2.ru/l/1479882/
here is ACHETEZ about installing prosidevshy VAG composite protection. I just so want. When you change the oil every time you will have to remove )))
I don't know exactly, I can only speculate. The polosedan and Rapid one platform PQ25, PQ24 have a Fabia from the previous Polo. I put the steel protection of our production that goes on Fabia and polosedan fastening approached, but technological holes such as for oil drain in the wrong place
You are in a hurry to get somewhere an expert on oils or developer to refineries renowned firm! I'm of the mind does not know how many need this information to process to produce all these editions of the sagas ))))) I think if you set out to find how to actually make tyrnete you earn really a lot there )))
I still poured LUKOIL Synthetics with branded filling stations. Far no complaints no external. The engine runs excellent )))
PS. Offtopic, can you find information about motor protection for our fabu. Is polosedan composite VAG 6R0 825 901 A. is the composite VAG on rapid 5ja071608. Managery OD assert that it is the same protection. I do not particularly believe them, because the price redowskii three times below ))) of photographs of living redowskii composite protection failed in the net to find!
I have no idea how the brain ivity, recording just addressed to those who wrote in the forums that paleosalinity not compatible with lucila and the like.
I'm in my old Audi 502 flood tolerance A3 Panasonic, SN, SM aluminium on the block and it is not broke, you quickly kapitalka comes, than from the oil burn up the motor, and on the other hand we do not ride on the same car for 800 000 km . so don't ivite brains !
Ahh that's what Bullies These tender engines ! with our gas station there and Euro 2 it does not reach ... We need to ride on the Lada ! there is a cast iron block Injection Carburetor oil lay what we want ! repair and fit car ))))
There is a motor in rapid 1.6 CFNA with plant tolerance 502\505 is oil original VW longlife 504\507 than kretichno to go ?
In some literature I read that the main binder, which provides dialkyldithiophosphate zinc is sulphur. That old Soviet oil with many sulphur provide unsurpassed anti-wear ability. Is there any truth in this?
Still after all the rest of the millions of flies will continue to doldonit terrible tales of liters of sulfuric acid in the engine.
About aluminum, even steel, and sulfur. As if on purpose, just an hour before reading this article, the employee brought a dural after drilling in sulfofrezol. Drill it like broke. Sulfur is nasty stuff. On one side are formed connection with the other — an active reducer of strength for a range of steels and aluminum-silicate alloys, the third — with all that powerful friction modifier. About the oil it is possible not to worry — sulfur in them a little (even in a terrible mineralok) and the conditions are not those created for her okrepshego impact. And corrosion... this is Partly extinguished formulations of alloys and, partially, the normal operation of the internal combustion engine, which is necessary to warm up. Then the clean oil quite safely neutralizes possible weak solutions of acids. Condensation and one-time runs of 5-10 miles are harmful. There is better public transport ride.
Yes the motor from our shitty renesaince Sakatsume and start to eat oil like a horse! moreover, service intervals 15 thousand official! Oh no! Paleosalinity for Russia! and sagevik better to throw out than to ruin the motor!
Why forget about A1 and A5 ? Everyone else has mentioned) or I somewhere do not catch the idea?
GorkyHaBkyc
on the contrary I am not here focused on energy saving. is no different.
I'm confused, or rather will read like this: "why this article is not to be spoken about energy saving oils? did not catch them in comparison with usual oils something different in terms of myths about ash?"
Can.) tolerances ACEA is given merely as an illustrative example. so you can half a page be a sign)
I apologize if too "clever", but can then add in the plate where you want A1 and A5, for the sake of completeness?
What kind of oil in front of us, you can understand the tolerance:
ACEA A3 is paleosalinity.
ACEA C3 and C2 is srednjesolcev.
ACEA C1 and C4 is malopolski.
C1, C2, C3, C4 often generalize to the category of "malopolski".
Comment has been deleted
on the contrary I am not here focused on energy saving. is no different.