How to make \"ideal counter\"?

I'm trying to do an assignment where you have to make 5 perfect counters but it seems so poorly thought out.
There doesn't seem to be a sign or any proper feedback, I managed to get 4 out of 5 on one try but it seemed completely random to me and I didn't understand how I did it.

Has anyone figured out how it works? Time just doesn't make sense to me at all...