Great military victories of Russia

Much is known about our victories. We are constantly reminded of them, and rightly so. Stalingrad, Poltava, Kursk Bulge, Kulikovo field, and many other glorious pages in our history are worthy of being remembered by descendants. They remembered and were proud of their people.©miraluka Continue

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Battle

of Borodino

Since the beginning of the invasion of the French army into the territory of the Russian Empire in June 1812, Russian troops have constantly retreated. The rapid advance and the overwhelming numerical superiority of the French made it impossible for the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Barclay de Tolly, to prepare troops for battle. The protracted retreat caused public discontent, so Alexander I removed Barclay de Tolly and appointed General of Infantry Kutuzov as commander-in-chief. However, he also had to retreat in order to gain time to gather all his forces.

On August 22 (according to the old style), the Russian army, retreating from Smolensk, settled down near the village of Borodina, 124 km from Moscow, where Kutuzov decided to give a general battle; it was impossible to postpone it further, since Emperor Alexander demanded that Kutuzov stop Napoleon's advance towards Moscow. On August 24 (September 5), the battle took place at the Shevardinsky redoubt, which delayed the French troops and made it possible for the Russians to build fortifications on the main positions.

In the battle of Borodino, the French troops, attacking the left wing and center of the Russian army with much superior forces and pushing them back, were stopped in all directions of their attacks. The pushing back of the Russian army by 0.5-1 km was insignificant in relation to the length of the front of the Russian army of 8 km and the depth of the battle order of 3-5 km and cannot even be considered as the displacement of the Russians from the battlefield. The left wing of the Russian army lined up with the right wing, which did not move during the battle.

General Miloradovich, commander of the center of the Russian troops, ordered adjutant Bibikov to find Eugene of Württemberg and tell him to go to Miloradovich. Bibikov sought out Yevgeny, but no words could be heard because of the roar of the cannonade, and the adjutant waved his hand, indicating the location of Miloradovich. At that moment, a flying cannonball tore off his arm. Bibikov, falling from his horse, again indicated the direction with his other hand. - According to the memoirs of the commander of the 4th Infantry Division, General Eugene of Württemberg

The Battle of Borodino is one of the bloodiest battles of the 19th century. According to the most conservative estimates of cumulative losses, 2,500 people died on the field every hour. Some divisions lost up to 80% of their composition. The French fired 60,000 cannon and nearly a million and a half rifle shots. It is no coincidence that Napoleon called the battle of Borodino his greatest battle, although its results are more than modest for a great commander accustomed to victories.

The Russian army retreated, but retained its fighting capacity and soon drove Napoleon out of Russia.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle of Borodino


In B. s. the Russian army showed examples of tactical art: maneuvering with reserves from the depths and along the front, the successful use of cavalry for actions on the flank, the stubbornness and activity of the defense, continuous counterattacks in the interaction of infantry, cavalry and artillery. Napoleon did not achieve his goal - the defeat of the Russian army - and failed to win a general battle. “Of all my battles,” he later wrote, “the most terrible is the one I gave near Moscow. The French showed themselves worthy of victory in it, and the Russians acquired the right to be invincible” (quote from the book: History of the Russian Army and Navy, t 3, M., 1911, p. 164). B. s. was the most important event of the Patriotic War, which prepared and predetermined the defeat of Napoleonic France.

http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00009/81500.htm

The Battle

of Poltava The Battle of Poltava is the largest battle of the Northern War between the Russian troops under the command of Peter I and the Swedish army of Charles XII. It took place on the morning of June 27 (July 8), 1709, 6 versts from the city of Poltava in Little Russia (the Left Bank of the Dnieper). The decisive victory of the Russian army led to a turning point in the Northern War in favor of Russia and put an end to the dominance of Sweden as the main military force in Europe.

After the Battle of Narva in 1700, Charles XII invaded Europe and a long multi-state war broke out, in which the army of Charles XII was able to advance far south, winning victories.

After Peter I conquered part of Livonia from Charles XII and founded a new fortress city of St. Petersburg at the mouth of the Neva, Charles decided to attack central Russia with the capture of Moscow. During the campaign, he decided to lead his army to Little Russia, whose hetman - Mazepa - went over to the side of Charles, but was not supported by the bulk of the Cossacks. By the time Charles' army approached Poltava, he had lost up to a third of the army, his rear was attacked by Peter's light cavalry - Cossacks and Kalmyks, and was wounded just before the battle. The battle was lost by Charles, and he fled to the Ottoman Empire.

Charles XII, having received information about the imminent approach to the Russians of a large Kalmyk detachment, decided to attack Peter's army before the Kalmyks completely disrupted his communications. Wounded during reconnaissance on June 17, the king handed over command to Field Marshal K. G. Renschild, who received 20 thousand soldiers at his disposal. About 10 thousand people, including Mazepa's Cossacks, remained in the camp near Poltava.

On the eve of the battle, Peter I traveled around all the regiments. His brief patriotic appeals to soldiers and officers formed the basis of the famous order, which required the soldiers to fight not for Peter, but for "Russia and Russian piety ..."

Charles XII also tried to raise the spirit of his army. Inspiring the soldiers, Karl announced that tomorrow they would dine in the Russian wagon train, where a lot of booty awaited them.

As a result of the Battle of Poltava, the army of King Charles XII was so bloodless that it could no longer conduct active offensive operations. He himself managed to escape with Mazepa and hid in the territory of the Ottoman Empire in Bendery. The military power of Sweden was undermined and in the Northern War there was a turning point in favor of Russia.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltava_battle

Berlin strategic offensive operation
The Berlin strategic offensive operation is one of the last strategic operations of the Soviet troops in the European theater of operations, during which the Red Army occupied the capital of Germany and victoriously ended the Great Patriotic War and World War II in Europe. The operation lasted 23 days - from April 16 to May 8, 1945, during which Soviet troops advanced westward at a distance of 100 to 220 km. The width of the combat front is 300 km. As part of the operation, the Stettin-Rostock, Zelow-Berlin, Cottbus-Potsdam, Stremberg-Torgau and Brandenburg-Rathen front-line offensive operations were carried out.

Operation results:
° The destruction of the largest grouping of German troops, the capture of the capital of Germany, the capture of the highest military and political leadership of Germany.
° The fall of Berlin and the loss of the German leadership's ability to manage led to the almost complete cessation of organized resistance on the part of the German armed forces.
° The Berlin operation demonstrated to the allies the high combat capability of the Red Army and was one of the reasons for the cancellation of Operation Unthinkable, the plan for a full-scale war of Great Britain against the Soviet Union. However, this decision did not further influence the development of the arms race and the beginning of the Cold War.
° Hundreds of thousands of people were liberated from German captivity, including at least 200 thousand citizens of foreign countries. Only in the zone of the 2nd Belorussian Front in the period from April 5 to May 8, 197,523 people were released from captivity, of which 68,467 were citizens of the allied states.

I believe that the main features of this Russian operation, as in other operations, are the following:
° Skillful choice of directions for the main attack.
° Concentration and entry of large forces, and primarily tank and artillery masses, in areas where there has been the greatest success, quick and energetic actions to resolve the gaps created in the German front.
° The use of various tactics, the achievement of moments of surprise, even in cases where our command has information about the upcoming Russian offensive and expects this offensive.
° Exceptionally maneuverable leadership of the troops, the operation of the Russian troops is characterized by clarity of intentions, purposefulness and perseverance in the implementation of these plans. © The last commander of the defense of Berlin, General of Artillery G. Weidling

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_offensive_operation

The assault on Izmail
The assault on Izmail - the siege and assault in 1790 of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of general-in-chief A.V. Suvorov during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792.

The assault on Izmail in 1790 was undertaken during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792. by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Army, Field Marshal G. A. Potemkin. Neither N. V. Repnin (1789), nor I. V. Gudovich, nor P. S. Potemkin (1790) could solve this problem, after which G. A. Potemkin entrusted the operation to A. V. Suvorov. Arriving near Izmail on December 2, Suvorov spent six days preparing for the assault, including training troops to storm mock-ups of the high fortress walls of Izmail. The commandant of Ishmael was asked to capitulate, but in response he ordered to report that "rather the sky will fall to the ground than Ishmael will be taken." For two days, Suvorov conducted artillery preparation, and on December 11, at 5:30 am, the assault on the fortress began. By 8 a.m. all the fortifications were occupied, but resistance on the streets of the city continued until 4 p.m. Turkish losses amounted to 29 thousand people. killed . The losses of the Russian army amounted to 4 thousand people. killed and 6 thousand wounded. All the guns, 400 banners, huge stocks of provisions and jewelry worth 10 million piastres were captured. M. I. Kutuzov, a famous commander in the future, the winner of Napoleon, was appointed commandant of the fortress.

The losses of the Turks were huge, more than 26 thousand people were killed alone. 9 thousand were taken prisoner, of which 2 thousand died of wounds the next day. Of the entire garrison, only one man escaped. Slightly wounded, he fell into the water and swam across the Danube on a log. In Izmail, 265 guns were taken, up to 3 thousand poods of gunpowder, 20 thousand cores and many other ammunition, up to 400 banners stained with the blood of the defenders, 8 lansons, 12 ferries, 22 light ships and a lot of rich booty that went to the army, in total up to 10 million piastres (over 1 million rubles). The Russians had 64 officers killed (1 brigadier, 17 staff officers, 46 chief officers) and 1816 privates; 253 officers were wounded (including three major generals) and 2450 lower ranks. The total loss figure was 4582 people. Some authors determine the number of killed up to 4 thousand, and wounded up to 6 thousand, a total of 10 thousand,

The conquest of Ishmael was of great political importance. It influenced the further course of the war and the conclusion in 1792 of the Iasi Peace between Russia and Turkey, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the river. Dniester. Thus, the entire northern Black Sea region from the Dniester to the Kuban was assigned to Russia.

The victory near Izmail was dedicated to the anthem “Thunder of victory, resound!”, which until 1816 was considered the unofficial anthem of the Russian Empire.

Today Izmail with a population of 77.5 thousand people is one of the regional centers of the Odessa region.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of Ishmael

The battle at Cape Tendra
The battle at Cape Tendra is a naval battle on the Black Sea during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792 between the Russian squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov and the Turkish squadron under the command of Hassan Pasha. It happened on August 28-29 (September 8-9), 1790 near the Tendra Spit.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, a new Russian-Turkish war began. Russian troops launched an offensive in the Danube region. A galley flotilla was formed to help them. However, she could not make the transition from Kherson to the combat area due to the presence of a Turkish squadron in the west of the Black Sea. The squadron of Rear Admiral F. F. Ushakov came to the aid of the flotilla.

When it approached the Turkish squadron on August 28 (September 8), Kapudan Pasha Hassan decided to hastily retreat, but Ushakov ordered an immediate attack on the Turks. When the Russian fleet approached the Turkish rearguard within shotgun range, Hassan Pasha ordered the other ships to turn back. These maneuvers of the Turkish fleet allowed Ushakov's ships to lie on a parallel course, shorten the distance and begin a massive shelling of Turkish ships. Having received a lot of damage, the Turks retreated.

On the morning of August 29 (September 9), it turned out that the Turkish squadron was close to the Russian one, and Ushakov continued to pursue it. The Russians managed to sink several enemy ships, including the best - the flagship Kapudaniya, and also captured the battleship Meleki-Bakhri (later it was repaired and introduced into the Russian fleet under the name John the Baptist).

The victory in the battle at Cape Tendra made it possible to transfer the galley flotilla to the Danube, which significantly strengthened the Russian army. Rear Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd class.

The Russian fleet defeated a numerically superior enemy thanks to the high skill of Russian sailors. Ushakov's tactics, successfully applied in the Tendra battle, were characterized by forcing the Turkish fleet to fight in unfavorable conditions for him, by quickly rebuilding the fleet from a marching order into a combat one during the battle, by delivering artillery strikes from a short distance, by concentrating fire against enemy flagships, by using tactical reserve, decisive pursuit of the enemy with the provision of full initiative to the commanders of the ships, an important condition that ensured the victory of the Black Sea Fleet was good training and high morale and combat qualities of the personnel of Russian ships.

Brusilovsky breakthrough

Brusilovsky breakthrough (Lutsk breakthrough) is an offensive operation of the Southwestern Front of the Russian army under the command of General A. A. Brusilov during the First World War, carried out on June 3 - August 22, 1916, during which a heavy defeat was inflicted on the armies of the Austrian Hungary and Germany, and occupied by Galicia and Bukovina.

As a result of the Brusilov breakthrough - the only operation of the 1st World War, named not by the place of action, but by the name of the commander - the Southwestern Front inflicted a crushing defeat on the Austro-Hungarian army, from which it could no longer recover. Russian troops advanced from 80 to 120 km. deep into enemy territory. Brusilov's front liberated all of Volhynia, occupied almost all of Bukovina and part of Galicia.

Austria-Hungary and Germany lost more than 1.5 million killed, wounded and missing (300,000 killed and died from wounds, more than 500,000 captured), the Russians captured 581 guns, 1,795 machine guns, 448 bombers and mortars.[4] The huge losses suffered by the Austro-Hungarian army undermined its combat effectiveness.

To repel the Russian offensive, the Central Powers transferred 31 infantry and 3 cavalry divisions (more than 400 thousand bayonets and cavalry) from the Western, Italian and Thessaloniki fronts, which facilitated the position of the allies in the battle on the Somme, and saved the defeated Italian army from defeat. Under the influence of the Russian victory, Romania decided to enter the war on the side of the Entente.



The troops of the Southwestern Front lost about 500,000 soldiers and officers killed, wounded and missing, of which 62,000 were killed and died from wounds, 380,000 were wounded and sick, and 40,000 were missing. The Somme was the final transfer of strategic initiative from the Central Powers to the Entente. The Allies managed to achieve such interaction in which for two months (July-August) Germany had to send its limited strategic reserves to both the Western and Eastern fronts.

From the point of view of military art, the offensive of the Southwestern Front marked the emergence of a new form of breaking through the front (simultaneously in several sectors), put forward by Brusilov, which was developed in the last years of World War I, especially in the 1918 campaign of the year in the Western European Theater military actions.

Brusilovsky breakthrough

Battle of the Neva Battle

of the Neva (July 15, 1240) - a battle on the Neva River between the Novgorod militia under the command of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich and the Swedish army. Alexander Yaroslavich received the honorary nickname "Nevsky" for his victory and personal courage in battle.

In the 30s of the XIII century, the German crusaders, under the pretext of converting the pagan Baltic tribes to the Christian faith, seized their possessions, approaching the border of the western Russian lands. The Swedish knights subjugated the Finnish tribes of sum and em, also approaching the Novgorod lands from the north. Counting on the weakening of the Russian principalities after the Mongol invasion, the Swedish and German knights believed in an easy victory over Novgorod and Pskov.

In 1238, the Pope blessed the King of Sweden on a crusade against the Novgorod lands, and promised absolution to all participants in this campaign.

In 1239, the Swedes and Germans agreed on joint actions: the first were to attack Novgorod from the north, from the Neva River, and the second through Izborsk and Pskov.

The inhabitants of Novgorod believed that the Swedes were a more terrible enemy than the Mongols, because the goal of the Swedes was, among other things, religious expansion. It is also known that the Catholic expansion was almost always followed by the subjugation, and sometimes the complete extermination of peoples, while the Mongol expansion in Russia was limited to the establishment of a system of dependence of the Russian principalities, while maintaining self-government in them.

Brothers! Not in the forces of God, but in truth! Let us recall the words of the psalmist: these are in arms, and these are on horseback, but we will call on the name of the Lord our God ... We will not be afraid of many soldiers, for God is with us. © Prince Alexander [Nevsky] Yaroslavich

Having won, the Russian troops did not allow the Swedes to cut off Novgorod from the sea and capture the coast of the Neva and the Gulf of Finland. In addition, the plan of joint actions of the Swedish and German knights was destroyed: now, after the victory, Novgorod could not be surrounded from two sides.

However, because of the fear that after the victory the role of Alexander in the conduct of business could increase, the Novgorod boyars began to build all sorts of intrigues for the prince. Alexander Nevsky went to his father, but a year later the Novgorod residents again invited the prince to continue the war with the Livonian Order, which had captured Pskov.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevskaya_battle

Battle

of Kursk from the key battles of the Great Patriotic War. The Battle of Kursk lasted forty-nine days - from July 5 to August 23, 1943. In Soviet and Russian historiography, it is customary to divide the battle into three parts: the Kursk defensive operation (July 5-23); Orel (July 12 - August 18) and Belgorod-Kharkov (August 3-23) offensive.

The German command decided to conduct a major strategic operation on the Kursk ledge in the summer of 1943. It was planned to launch converging strikes from the areas of the cities of Orel (from the north) and Belgorod (from the south). The shock groups were to link up in the Kursk region, surrounding the troops of the Central and Voronezh Fronts of the Red Army. The operation received the code name "Citadel". At a meeting with Manstein on May 10-11, the plan was adjusted at the suggestion of Gott: the 2nd such SS corps turns from the Oboyansky direction towards Prokhorovka, where terrain conditions allow for a global battle with the armored reserves of Soviet troops. And, based on the losses, continue the offensive or go on the defensive. (From the interrogation of the chief of staff of the 4th tank army, General Fangor)

For the operation, the Germans concentrated a grouping of up to 50 divisions (of which 18 were tank and motorized), 2 tank brigades, 3 separate tank battalions and 8 assault gun divisions, with a total strength, according to Soviet sources, about 900 thousand people. The command of the troops was carried out by Field Marshal Günther Hans von Kluge (Army Group Center) and Field Marshal Fritz Erich von Manstein (Army Group South). Organizationally, the strike forces were part of the 2nd Panzer, 2nd and 9th Armies (commander - Field Marshal Walter Model, Army Group Center, Orel region) and the 4th Panzer Army, the 24th Panzer Corps and Operational Group "Kempf" (commander - General German Goth, Army Group "South", Belgorod region). Air support for the German troops was provided by the forces of the 4th and 6th air fleets.

To carry out the operation in the Kursk region, several elite SS Panzer divisions were advanced. The

Soviet command decided to conduct a defensive battle, wear down the enemy troops and inflict defeat on them, inflicting counterattacks on the attackers at a critical moment. To this end, a defense in depth was created on both faces of the Kursk salient. A total of 8 defensive lines were created. The average density of mining in the direction of the expected enemy strikes was 1,500 anti-tank and 1,700 anti-personnel mines per kilometer of the front.

The troops of the Central Front (commander - General of the Army Konstantin Rokossovsky) defended the northern front of the Kursk ledge, and the troops of the Voronezh Front (commander - General of the Army Nikolai Vatutin) - the southern front. The troops occupying the ledge relied on the Steppe Front (commanded by Colonel General Ivan Konev). The fronts were coordinated by representatives of the Headquarters Marshals of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov and Alexander Vasilevsky.

The victory near Kursk marked the transition of the strategic initiative to the Red Army. By the time the front was stabilized, Soviet troops had reached their starting positions for an offensive on the Dnieper.

After the end of the battle on the Kursk Bulge, the German command lost the opportunity to conduct strategic offensive operations. Local massive offensives, such as Watch on the Rhine (1944) or the Balaton operation (1945) were also not successful.

Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, who developed and carried out Operation Citadel, later wrote:
It was the last attempt to maintain our initiative in the East. With her failure, tantamount to failure, the initiative finally passed to the Soviet side. Therefore, Operation Citadel is a decisive turning point in the war on the Eastern Front.
- Manstein E. Lost victories. Per. with him. - M., 1957. - S. 423

According to Guderian,
As a result of the failure of the Citadel Offensive, we suffered a decisive defeat. The armored forces, replenished with such great difficulty, were put out of action for a long time due to heavy losses in people and equipment.
- Guderian G. Memoirs of a soldier. - Smolensk: Rusich, 1999

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kursk_Duga

I will try to compile a list of the most decisive battles for us - in order of importance.
1-2. Battle for Moscow (1941-1942) and the Battle of Stalingrad.
3. The battle for Berlin - without victory in it, it would hardly have escaped the Allied invasion.
4. Battle of Poltava.
5-8. Standing on the Ugra. Kulikovo battle. Battle on Rymnik. Moscow battle (1612).
9-15. Battle of Kursk Forcing the Dnieper. Operation Bagration. Battle for Donbass. 2nd Iasi-Kishinev operation. Offensive on the Right-Bank Ukraine. Capture of Ishmael.

2 renu: Continued
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Battle of Borodino
This is a Pyrrhic French victory, not a decisive Russian victory.

El gato verde
Battle of Borodino
This is a Pyrrhic French victory, not a decisive Russian victory.

http://www.playground.ru/redirect/ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle of Borodino
Grand total

In the Battle of Borodino, the French troops, attacking the left wing and center of the Russian army with much superior forces and pushing them back, were stopped in all directions of their attacks . The pushing back of the Russian army by 0.5-1 km was insignificant in relation to the length of the front of the Russian army of 8 km and the depth of the battle order of 3-5 km and cannot even be considered as the displacement of the Russians from the battlefield. The left wing of the Russian army lined up with the right wing, which did not move during the battle.

The unresolved battle of Borodino makes it impossible to unequivocally determine the winner, and each side considers it their victory. On the one hand, Napoleon, having created and retained throughout the battle a numerical superiority in decisive sectors, proved that as a commander he was superior to Kutuzov. On the other hand, the Russian troops, fighting at decisive moments with a much superior enemy in number and stopping him, proved their superiority over the French and won a universally recognized moral victory. French historians consider the subsequent retreat of the Russian army and the abandonment of Moscow to be the result of the battle, but in reality Kutuzov, who gave the battle of Borodino against his will, did not set the goal of the battle to stop Napoleon and keep Moscow, realizing that with the overall overwhelming numerical superiority of the Great Army,
After dark, the French army was in the same positions in which it was before the start of the battle. The Russian army was ready to continue the battle the next day. But due to heavy losses and the small number of reserves, and also given that reinforcements had already approached Napoleon - the fresh divisions of Pino and Delaborde (about 11 thousand people), while the Russian army had no reinforcements, Kutuzov decided to continue the retreat, thus opening the way to Moscow, but preserving the army and the opportunity to continue the fight. Also, Kutuzov's decision was influenced by the fact that the size of Napoleon's army before the start of the battle was estimated at 160-180 thousand people (Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky).

Napoleon, who tried to defeat the Russian army in one battle, was able to achieve a partial displacement of the Russian troops from their positions with comparable losses. At the same time, he was sure that it was impossible to achieve more in the battle, since Napoleon did not consider the refusal to bring the guards into battle wrong. “A strike by the guard might not have had consequences. The enemy showed still quite firmness, ”Napoleon noticed much later. In conversations with private individuals, Napoleon clearly assessed both his capabilities in the Battle of Borodino and the danger of a Russian counterattack against the exhausted French army. After the struggle for flushes, he no longer hoped to defeat the Russian army. Military historian General Jomini quotes him as saying: “As soon as we took the position of the left flank, I was already sure that the enemy would retreat in the course of the night.

The Russian army retreated, but retained its fighting capacity and soon drove Napoleon out of Russia.

But we could even be completely defeated. And Napoleon would have calmly moved on. And it would probably be unrealistic for us to gather new forces.
In general, I believe that this is our glorious victory.

2 renu:
our glorious victory.
A strategic draw, a tactical Pyrrhic victory for Napoleon.
Not all battles where the army has survived are victories. Well, is Pearl Harbor considered a victory for the United States, since their aircraft carriers were intact and six months later they defeated the Japanese in the battle for Midway?
Do I understand correctly that the fact that the Americans managed to save the Yorktown aircraft carrier in the battle in the Coral Sea (whose planes would later sink 2 Japanese aircraft carriers at Midway) turns Japan's tactical victory into a glorious US victory?

El gato verde
You gave a slightly inappropriate example. ;) These were targeted strikes (and even political provocations by the Americans, as you know). Neither Japan nor the United States were under the threat of a total loss of territories.

A strategic draw - just strategically, this is our victory.
And if ours had not retreated, they would have been utterly defeated.
And how did it turn out?
The Russian army retreated, but retained its fighting capacity and soon drove Napoleon out of Russia.
Otherwise it would be:
And Napoleon would calmly go on. And it would probably be unrealistic for us to gather new forces.
In general, I believe that this is our glorious victory.

2 renu:
It was
Pearl Harbor spotting - fuck how accurate.
6 aircraft carriers and several mini-submarines sink or cause serious damage to 8 battleships, 3 cruisers and 3 destroyers - and only 1 battleship and 3 aircraft carriers remain in the Pacific Ocean.
The coral battle is another point blow, with the loss of the Lexington from the amers, the Soho from the Japanese, as well as the damage to the Yorktown (UWB) and the destroyed flight deck of the Shokaku (Japan).

Neither Japan nor the United States were under the threat of a total loss of territories.
But the United States was under the threat of losing the fleet - under no less terrible than the threat of losing the Russian army in 1812.

And if ours had not retreated, they would have been utterly defeated.

Do not forget the Vitebsk, Smolensk and Kiev battles of 1941 to be recorded in the glorious victories of the Red Army - after all, the Wehrmacht was exhausted, after all, they retained reserves until the Moscow battle.

Don't confuse a strategic draw with a tactical pyrrhic victory.

Regarding Borodino
, historians agree that we lost the battle, even though we saved the army. But the war was definitely won. Largely due to partisan rallies and competent maneuvers.
The battle is considered won by us only in Russia. All over the world it is interpreted either as a draw or as a Pyrrhic victory for Nappi.
In principle, he has a place here, because despite the fact that we did not win it, it was glorious and we can be proud of it.

Battle on the Ice

The Battle on the Ice (German: Schlacht auf dem Eise), also the battle on Lake Peipus (German: Schlacht auf dem Peipussee) is a battle that took place on April 5 (according to the Gregorian calendar (New style) - April 12) 1242 (Saturday) ) between Novgorodians led by Alexander Nevsky and the knights of the Teutonic Order, which by that time included the Order of the Sword (after the defeat at Saul in 1236), on the ice of Lake Peipus. General battle of the unsuccessful conquest campaign of the Order of 1240-1242.

The war began with the campaign of Bishop German, Master of the Teutonic Order and their allies against Russia. According to the Rhymed Chronicle, when Izborsk was taken, “not a single Russian was allowed to escape unharmed”, “great lamentation began everywhere in that land.” Pskov was captured without a fight, a small garrison remained in it, most of the troops returned. Arriving in Novgorod in 1241, Alexander found Pskov and Koporye in the hands of the Order and immediately began retaliatory actions. Taking advantage of the difficulties of the Order, which was then diverted to fight the Mongols (Battle of Legnica), Alexander Nevsky marched on Koporye, took it by storm and killed most of the garrison. Some of the knights and mercenaries from the local population were taken prisoner, but released, and the traitors from among the Chud were executed.

By the beginning of 1242, Alexander waited for his brother Andrei Yaroslavich with the "grassroots" troops of the Suzdal principality. When the "grassroots" army was still on the way, Alexander with the Novgorod forces marched near Pskov. The city was surrounded by them. The order did not have time to quickly gather reinforcements and send them to the besieged. Pskov was taken, the garrison was killed, and the order's governors (2 knight brothers) in chains were sent to Novgorod. According to the Novgorod First Chronicle of the senior edition (reached us as part of the parchment Synodal list of the XIV century, containing records of the events of 1016-1272 and 1299-1333) “In the summer of 6750 (1242/1243). Prince Oleksandr went with the people of Novgorod and with his brother Andrey and from Nizov to the Chud land to Nemtsi and Chud and Zaya all the way to Plskov; and drive out the prince of Plskov, seizing Nemtsi and Chud, and fettering the streams to Novgorod, and he himself went to Chud.

All these events took place in March 1242. The knights were only able to concentrate their forces in the Derpt bishopric. The Novgorodians outplayed them in time. Alexander then led troops to Izborsk, his intelligence crossed the border of the Order. One of the reconnaissance detachments was defeated in a collision with the Germans, but in general, Alexander was able to determine that the knights moved with their main forces much further north, to the junction between Pskov and Peipus Lakes. Thus, they went out to Novgorod by a short road and cut off the Russian troops in the Pskov region. The same chronicle says that “And as if bysh on the earth (chud), let the whole regiment live; and Domash Tverdislavichi Kerbet was in dispersal, and I killed Nemtsi and Chud at the bridge and bisha that; and kill that Domash, the brother of the posadnik, the husband is honest, and beat him with him, and take him with his hands, and run to the prince in the regiment;

The opposing armies met on the morning of April 5, 1242. The details of the battle are poorly known, and much can only be guessed at. The German column, pursuing the retreating Russian detachments, apparently received some information from the patrols sent ahead, and already entered the ice of Lake Peipus in battle order, the bollards walked ahead, followed by a discordant column of "chudins", after which there was a line knights and sergeants of the Derpt bishop. Apparently, even before the collision with the Russian troops, a small gap formed between the head of the column and the Chud.

The Rhyming Chronicle describes the moment of the beginning of the battle as follows: The
Russians had many shooters who courageously stepped forward and were the first to take the onslaught in front of the prince's squad
Apparently, the archers did not inflict serious losses. Having fired at the Germans, the archers had no choice but to withdraw to the flanks of a large regiment. However, as the “chronicle” continues, the
banners of the brothers penetrated the ranks of the shooters, swords were heard ringing, helmets were cut, how the fallen fell on the grass from both sides
- most likely this was recorded from the words of an eyewitness who was in the rear ranks of the army, and quite it is possible that the warrior mistook some other Russian unit for the advanced archers. In the Russian chronicles, this is displayed as follows:
The Germans are a miracle, making their way through the shelves like a pig.
Then the troops of the Teutonic Order were surrounded by Russians and destroyed, other German detachments retreated to avoid the same fate:
Those who were in the army of knight brothers were surrounded. The knight brothers resisted quite stubbornly, but they were defeated there. Part of the Derptians left the battle, this was their salvation, they were forced to retreat.

Probably the survivors of the Dorpat army left a description of the battle from the German side.

There is a persistent myth (reflected in the cinema) that the ice of Lake Peipsi could not withstand the weight of the armor of the Teutonic Knights and cracked, as a result of which most of the knights simply drowned. Meanwhile, if the battle really took place on the ice of the lake, then it was more profitable for the Order, since the flat surface made it possible to maintain formation during a massive horse attack, which the sources describe. The weight of the full armor of a Russian warrior and an order knight of that time were approximately comparable to each other, and the Russian cavalry could not gain an advantage due to lighter equipment. The ice on Lake Peipus at that time, even in early April, was quite thick and strong, since the average monthly and average annual temperatures were much lower than now.

According to the point of view traditional in Russian historiography, this battle, together with the victories of Prince Alexander over the Swedes (July 15, 1240 on the Neva) and over the Lithuanians (in 1245 near Toropets, near Lake Zhiztsa and near Usvyat), was of great importance for Pskov and Novgorod , delaying the pressure of three serious enemies from the west - at the very time when the rest of Russia was suffering heavy losses from princely strife and the consequences of the Tatar conquest. In Novgorod, the Battle of the Germans on the Ice was remembered for a long time: together with the Neva victory over the Swedes, it was remembered in litanies in all Novgorod churches as early as the 16th century.

The English researcher J. Fannel believes that the significance of the Battle of the Ice (and the Battle of the Neva) is greatly exaggerated: “Alexander did only what the numerous defenders of Novgorod and Pskov did before him and what many did after him - namely, they rushed to protect the extended and vulnerable borders from invaders. The Russian professor I. N. Danilevsky agrees with this opinion. He notes, in particular, that the battle was inferior in scale to the battles near Siauliai (1236), in which the master of the order and 48 knights were killed by the Lithuanians (20 knights died on Lake Peipsi), and the battle near Rakovor in 1268; contemporary sources even describe the Battle of the Neva in more detail and attach more importance to it. However, even in the Rhymed Chronicle, the Battle of the Ice is unequivocally described as a defeat for the Germans, in contrast to Rakovor.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle of the Ice

renu
And here one can argue very, very much about the strategic benefits
Estimates of the activities of Alexander Nevsky
I am inclined to believe that Nevsky played a largely negative role for Russia. Having chosen the side of the Horde between the Horde and the Catholics, he thereby divided Europe and Russia for centuries, turning the latter to face Asia and giving the beginning of our Own Path, which did not lead our people to well-being.

Of course it is possible, but this is only one of the 3 ratings on your link.
And I like this opinion:
“So, according to the modern historian Anton Gorsky, in the actions of Nevsky “one should not look for some kind of conscious fateful choice ... Alexander Yaroslavich was a pragmatist ... he chose the path that seemed to him more profitable for strengthening his land and for him personally ... when it was a decisive battle, he fought, when an agreement seemed most useful, he went to an agreement.

Tobish, the Germans attacked, our Sashka the Warrior made them. Defended the Russian land. And it was a glorious Russian victory. And the rest of the political ins and outs at that time can only be guessed at.

I guess, yes. We are discussing battles here, not medieval geopolitics.

The battle

of Vedrosh The battle of Vedrosh is one of the most significant battles in Russian history. It took place on July 14, 1500 near Dorogobuzh during the Russo-Lithuanian war of 1500–1503. between the troops of the Grand Duchy of Moscow under the leadership of Governor Daniel Shchen and the combined army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland under the command of the Grand Hetman of Lithuania Konstantin Ostrozhsky.

The reason for the new Russian-Lithuanian war was the oppression of the Orthodox in Lithuania, including attacks on the Orthodox Princess Elena Ivanovna. Many of the Russian princes, dissatisfied with the strengthening of Catholicism, began to go over to the side of Moscow "with their volosts and cities." Thus, Putivl, Mtsensk, Serpeisk, Starodub, Gomel, Lyubech, Novgorod-Seversky and Rylsk went over to her. The Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander wanted to prevent this process of “melting” of his state, but on the initiative of the Grand Duke of Moscow and All Russia Ivan III, a quick “exit” oath of allegiance from new subjects was organized. In April, clerk Ivan Ivanovich Teleshov and Afanasy Sheenok went to Vilna to declare war on the Lithuanian state and accept the defecting princes with lands into the Muscovite state.

Already in May, the voivode Yuri Zakharyich Koshkin managed to take Dorogobuzh. Lithuanian prince Alexander sent an army led by hetman Konstantin Ostrozhsky to fight the Moscow principality. Arriving in Smolensk, Ostrozhsky received news that Yuri Koshkin's army was encamped near Dorogobuzh. Having learned about this, Ostrozhsky set out from Smolensk to Yelna. At the same time, the army recruited in the Tver land, led by Prince Daniil Vasilyevich Shchenya-Patrikeev, went to reinforce Koshkin's detachment along the Vyazma-Yelnya highway. Her task was also the capture of Yelnya and Roslavl. The Russian army stopped on the river Vedrosha to reunite with other detachments, including the army of Yuri Zakharyich Koshkin, who, according to the painting of Ivan III, became subordinate to Shchena. Other governors who took part in the battle were Prince Joseph Andreevich Dorogobuzhsky, as well as princes Semyon Ivanovich Starodubsky-Mozhaysky and Vasily Ivanovich Shemyachich Novgorod-Seversky, who entered the service of Ivan III in April 1500. Ostrozhsky, who arrived in Yelnya, learned from the "language" that other governors with regiments came to the aid of Yuri Koshkin's army. Despite this, Ostrozhsky moved from Yelnya to Vedrosha to attack the Russian troops.

The battle became the pinnacle of the military campaign of 1500. In the battle, the most combat-ready composition of the Lithuanian army fell or was captured. After this defeat, the Principality of Lithuania no longer showed any noticeable strategic initiative, limiting itself to the organization of passive defense, which eventually led to the conclusion of a peace treaty beneficial for Moscow in 1503, according to which territories that amounted to about a third of Lithuanian possessions actually departed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, including northeastern Ukraine. After being pardoned and released by Prince Vasily III, Ostrozhsky again attempted revenge, but even the victory in the Battle of Orsha (1514) did not bring any political results that could compensate for the results of the Vedrosh battle.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedroshskaya_battle

Gangut battle

The Gangut battle is a naval battle of the Great Northern War of 1700-1721, which took place on July 27 (August 7), 1714 near Cape Gangut (Hanko Peninsula, Finland) in the Baltic Sea between the Russian and Swedish fleets, the first naval victory of the Russian fleet in the history of Russia.

By the spring of 1714, the southern and almost all of the central parts of Finland were occupied by Russian troops. In order to finally resolve the issue of Russia's access to the Baltic Sea, which was controlled by the Swedes, it was necessary to defeat the Swedish fleet.

At the end of June 1714, the Russian rowing fleet (99 galleys, scampaways and auxiliary vessels with a 15,000-strong landing force) under the command of Admiral General Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin concentrated off the east coast of Gangut (in Tverminna Bay) with the aim of landing troops to reinforce the Russian garrison in Abo (100 km northwest of Cape Gangut). The path to the Russian fleet was blocked by the Swedish fleet (15 battleships, 3 frigates, 2 bombardment ships and 9 galleys) under the command of G. Vatrang.

Peter I (Shautbenacht Pyotr Mikhailov) used a tactical maneuver. He decided to transfer part of his galleys to the area north of Gangut through the isthmus of this peninsula 2.5 kilometers long. To fulfill the plan, he ordered the construction of a perevolok (wooden flooring). Upon learning of this, Vatrang sent a detachment of ships (1 frigate, 6 galleys, 3 skerries boats) to the northern coast of the peninsula. The detachment was led by Rear Admiral Ehrenskiold. He decided to use another detachment (8 battleships and 2 bombardment ships) under the command of Vice Admiral Lillier to strike at the main forces of the Russian fleet.

Peter expected such a decision. He decided to take advantage of the division of the enemy forces. The weather also favored him. On the morning of July 26 (August 6), there was no wind, which caused the Swedish sailing ships to lose their maneuverability. The vanguard of the Russian fleet (20 ships) under the command of Commander Matvey Khristoforovich Zmaevich began a breakthrough, bypassing the Swedish ships and remaining out of reach of their fire. Following him, another detachment (15 ships) made a breakthrough. Thus, the need for crossover was eliminated. Zmaevich's detachment blocked Ehrenskiöld's detachment near Lakkisser Island.

Believing that other detachments of Russian ships would continue to break through in the same way, Vatrang recalled the Lillier detachment, thus freeing the coastal fairway. Taking advantage of this, Apraksin with the main forces of the rowing fleet broke through the coastal fairway to his vanguard. At 2 pm on July 27 (August 7), the Russian avant-garde, consisting of 23 ships, attacked the Ehrenskiöld detachment, which built its ships along a concave line, both flanks of which rested on the islands. The Swedes managed to repulse the first two attacks with the fire of naval guns. The third attack was made against the flank ships of the Swedish detachment, which did not allow the enemy to use the advantage in artillery. Soon they were boarded and captured. Peter I personally participated in the boarding attack, showing the sailors an example of courage and heroism. After a stubborn battle, the flagship Swedish ship also surrendered. All 10 ships of the Ehrenskiöld detachment were captured. Part of the forces of the Swedish fleet managed to escape to the Aland Islands.

The victory near the Gangut Peninsula was the first major victory for the Russian regular fleet. She provided him with freedom of action in the Gulf of Finland and Bothnia, effective support for Russian troops in Finland. In the Battle of Gangut, the Russian command boldly used the advantage of the rowing fleet in the fight against the linear sailing fleet of the Swedes, skillfully organized the interaction of the forces of the fleet and the ground forces, flexibly responded to changes in the tactical situation and weather conditions, managed to unravel the maneuver of the enemy and impose their tactics on him. The high morale and combat qualities of soldiers, sailors and officers allowed the Russian fleet to defeat the numerically superior Swedish fleet.

For this battle, Peter I was promoted to vice admiral.

On August 5, 2007, a holiday dedicated to the victories of the Russian fleet in the Northern War of 1700-1721 was held in Peterhof. It was called "The Day of Gangut and Grengam".

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangut_battle