How damage is determined (Dark Souls 3)

I just can't understand how the damage is determined here. For example, here is a comparison of two weapons:



In the category "attack power" there is a parameter "physical", and figs you will understand what all these numbers mean. Or, for example, "Bonus characteristics", Th for the letters D or E. I will not paint everything, since everything is not clear)). I have not played the previous parts, because of this I can not understand anything.